Relationship between hypovitaminosis D and sarcopenia in patients with stage 3 and 4 chronic kidney disease in Colombian patients.

BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia is a condition associated with aging and multiple medical conditions such as CKD and hypovitaminosis D. METHODS: An observational cross-sectional study was carried out, based on patients registered in a database of specialized nephrology consultation in the city of Manizales, Colombia. 101 patients over 18 years of age who had stage 3 or 4 CKD were included. RESULTS: The frequency of sarcopenia was 10.9%. No relationship was found between sarcopenia alone and serum vitamin D levels. However, when sarcopenia was categorized as severe there was a direct relationship with hypovitaminosis D. There was also a direct relationship between dynapenia and hypovitaminosis D. In addition, patients who had serum vitamin D levels above 40 ng/ml had better muscle performance, and, consequently, probably a lower risk of frailty. CONCLUSION: When patients, within their treatment, received vitamin D supplementation, no effect on muscle performance was observed.

Desgaste proteico energético en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en estadios III a IV en Caldas, Colombia / Protein Energy Wasting in Patients with Chronic Renal Disease in Stage III to IV Caldas (Colombia)

Resumen Introducción: la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) es un problema de salud mundial con una prevalencia aproximada del 7,2 % en países desarrollados y del 10 % en todo el mundo; además, es un factor independiente de morbilidad y riesgo cardiovascular que se caracteriza por la pérdida progresiva de la función renal. Objetivo: evaluar la frecuencia de desgaste proteico energético (DPE) en pacientes con ERC en estadios III a IV. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo y de corte transversal. Se realizó una evaluación de los registros de las base de datos de la Sociedad Internacional de Nutrición y Metabolismo Renal sobre pacientes con ERC que contaran con variables sociodemográficas, bioquímicas, valoración global subjetiva (VGS) y medidas antropométricas para el diagnóstico de DPE. Resultados: de 200 pacientes revisados en consulta externa de Nefrología, 60 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. El promedio de edad fue de 68,4 años, con una media de tasa de filtración glomerular (TFG) de 47,1 mL/min. Respecto a la ERC, el 61,66 % (n=37) de los participantes fue clasificado en estadio IIIa; el 31,6 % (n=19), en estadio IIIb, y el 6,66 % (n=4), en estadio IV. Ninguno de los pacientes cumplió con los criterios para el DPE. La evaluación de la VGS mostró que el 53,33 % (n=32) de los pacientes estaba en categoría VGS-A (bien nutridos), el 45 % (n=27) en VGS-B (malnutrición moderada) y solo un paciente en VGS-C (malnutrición grave). La mayor proporción de pacientes con bajos niveles de albúmina y colesterol estuvo en pacientes con ERC en estadio IIIb, y los pacientes con índice de masa corporal <23, en estadios IIIb y IV. Conclusión: según los criterios de la Sociedad Internacional de Nutrición y Metabolismo Renal, ningún paciente presentó DPE.

Abstract Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a condition that is recognized as a global health problem and has an approximate prevalence of 7.2% in developed countries, and 10% in the world population, it is also an independent factor of cardiovascular morbidity and risk characterized by progressive loss of kidney function. Objective: To evaluate the frequency of DPE in patients with CKD stages III to IV. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. Evaluation of a database of patients with CKD, which will have sociodemographic, biochemical variables, Subjective Global Assessment (VGS), and anthropometric measures, for the diagnosis of DPE of the International Society for Nutrition and Renal Metabolism. Results: Of 200 reviewed patients from the Nephrology outpatient clinic, 60 met the inclusion criteria. The average age was 68.4 years, with a mean glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 47.1ml / min. Regarding CKD, 61.66% (37) of the patients classified in stage IIIa, 31.6% (19) in stage IIIb, and 6.66% (4) in stage IV. None of the patients met the criteria for DPE. The VGS evaluation showed that 53.33% (32) of the patients were in the VGS A category (well nourished), 45% (27) VGS B (moderate malnutrition) and only one patient was classified as VGS C (severe malnutrition). The highest proportion of patients with low levels of albumin and cholesterol was in patients with CKD stage IIIb, and patients with BMI less than 23 in stages IIIb and IV. Conclusion: According to the criteria of the International Society for Renal Nutrition and Metabolism, no patient had DPE. outpatient clinic in Caldas, with CKD stages III to IV-. METHODS: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. Evaluation of a database of patients with CKD, which will have sociodemographic, biochemical variables, Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), and anthropometric measures, for the diagnosis of PEW of the International Society for Nutrition and Renal Metabolism. RESULTS: Of200 reviewed patients from the Nephrology outpatient clinic, 60 met the inclusion criteria. The average age was 68.4 years, with a mean glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 47.1ml / min. Regarding CKD, 61.66% (37) of the patients were classified in stage IIIa, 31.6% (19) in stage IIIb, and 6.66% (4) in stage IV. None of the patients met the criteria for PEW. The SGA evaluation showed that 53.33% (32) of the patients were in SGAA category (well nourished), 45% (27) SGA B (moderate malnutrition) and only one patient was classified as SGA C (severe malnutrition). The highest proportion of patients with low albumin and cholesterol levels was in patients with CKD in stage IIIb, and patients with BMI less than 23 in stages IIIb and IV. Conclusion: According to the criteria of the International Society for Nutrition and Renal Metabolism, no patient had PEW.

Effectiveness of Native Vitamin D Therapy in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 3 and Hypovitaminosis D in Colombia, South America.

Introduction: In a high percentage of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) low levels of vitamin D are detected. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if the native vitamin D therapy (cholecalciferol) in the patients with stage 3 and hypovitaminosis D allows to modify markers of bone and mineral metabolism once normal serum levels have been achieved. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From an initial base of 297 patients with CKD and hypovitaminosis D, those with normal or high levels of PTH were chosen for therapy with native vitamin D. The initial administered dose was 1000 IU/day, with adjustments every 4 months of 1000 IU (maximum 4000 IU/day, according to RDA and IOM), until achieving serum levels of 25 hydroxyvitamin D greater than 30 ng/mL and lower than 80 ng/mL. The variables calcium, phosphorus, intact parathormone (iPTH), creatinine and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were also evaluated every 4 months. RESULTS: The total number of patients included in this study was 170. Seventy-three patients were excluded along the follow-up: 17 non-responders (never achieved the projected serum levels of vitamin D), and 56 for not completing one year of follow-up. A total of 97 patients were finally included. In 82 patients, follow-up was achieved for 12 months (G1) and in 38 patients for 24 months (G2). In 15 patients despite achieving satisfactory levels of vitamin D at 12 months, it was not possible to obtain adequate levels of iPTH for their GFR according to K/DOQI 2003 guidelines and they were called refractory to therapy (G3). In both groups 1 and 2, a non-significant tendency to increase calcium and serum phosphorus was observed. iPTH decreased significantly at 12 and 24 months follow-up. In group 3, we opted at 12 months for conversion to calcitriol, with a significant reduction in iPTH values. In this group, the initial value of GFR was close to 30 mL/min, and its fall in time more significant than the other two groups to CKD stage 4. CONCLUSION: Cholecalciferol with adjustment in its dose, and obtaining normal serum levels is an excellent therapeutic alternative for the treatment of patients with CKD stage 3, and hypovitaminosis D. In the group of patients with GFR close to 30 mL/min, or lower values (stage 4), and with the presence of secondary hyperparathyroidism, the use of active form of vitamin D (calcitriol, paricalcitol) is recommended as the first therapeutic alternative.

Fracaso de la hormona sintética paratiroidea (teriparatida) en el tratamiento del hipoparatiroidismo postquirúrgico / Therapeutic failure of synthetic parathyroid hormone (teriparatide) in treatment of postsurgical hypoparathyroidism

Se presenta un paciente con enfermedad renal cronica e hipoparatiroidismo postquirurgico tratado con calcitriol y carbonato calcico, a quien se le practico trasplante renal. Meses mas tarde revela hipocalcemia severa con hiperfosfatemia refractaria a altas dosis de calcitriol y carbonato calcico, optandose por utilizar teriparatida un fragmento aminoterminal (1-34) sintetico de la paratohormona, con mejoria transitoria. Luego desarrolla resistencia a la misma a pesar de su utilizacion a dosis no convencionales (120 ¦Ìg/dia), siendo necesaria su suspension y el uso de nuevo de dosis muy altas de calcitriol y carbonato calcico para lograr estabilizacion. La hiperfosfatemia desencadenada fue manejada posteriormente con quelantes de fosfatos via oral...

It is presented a male patient with chronic renal failure and postsurgical hypoparathyroidism treated with calcitriol and calcium carbonate in which renal transplant was practiced. Months later, he had severe hipocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia refracting to high doses of calcitriol and calcium carbonate, opting to use of teriparatide, an aminoterminal fragment (1-34) synthetic of parathyroid hormone, with transient improvement. Then, the patientdeveloped resistance to teriparatide despite its use to nonconventional dose (120 ¦Ìg/day), making necessary its suspension and re-use high doses of calcitriol and calcium carbonate to achieve stabilization. Hyperphosphatemia was treated subsequently with oral phosphate binders...

Uso de IECA o ARA II más espironolactona y su relación con hiperkalemia en pacientes ambulatorios / Use of ace inhibitors or ARA II plus spironolactone and their relationship with hyperkalemia in day care patients

Objetivo: establecer la relación existente entre la combinación farmacológica de un inhibidor de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina (IECA) o un bloqueante del receptor de angiotensina tipo II (ARA II) más espironolactona y los niveles de potasio sérico en los pacientes adultos con insuficiencia cardiaca y tasa de filtración glomerular (TFG) mayor o igual a 60 mL/min, que acuden a la consulta de cardiología de dos centros hospitalarios de la ciudad de Manizales.Diseño: estudio de tipo prospectivo, observacional, de casos incidentes.Material y métodos: se incluyeron 30 pacientes con diagnóstico de insuficiencia cardiaca, que recibían la combinación farmacológica IECA o ARA II más espironolactona, cuya depuración de creatinina fuera mayor o igual a 60 mL/min. Se hizo seguimiento durante seis meses, evaluando cada mes electrolitos y pruebas de función renal. El análisis estadístico, para las variables cualitativas, se realizó con la prueba de Chi cuadrado; para las variables cuantitativas se utilizó la prueba de t de Student. Se utilizó el programa EpiInfo Versión 6.04 d y Epidata 3.1...

Objective: to establish the relationship between the pharmacologic combination of an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or an angiotensin receptor blocking agent Type II(ARA II) plus spironolactone and the serum potassium levels in adult patients with heart failure, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) higher or equal to 60 mL/min, who go for consultation in the cardiology unit of hospital centers in the city of Manizales. Design: prospective, observational study of incident cases. Material and methods: 30 patients with diagnosis of heart failure were included. They weregiven the pharmacologic combination of ACE inhibitors or ARA II plus spironolactone, with a creatinine clearance of more or equal to 60 mL/min. They were followed for 6 months, monthly assessments of the electrolytes as well as renal function. The statistical analysis for the quantitative variables was carried out with the Chi square test; for the quantitative variables the Student t wasused. The EpiInfo program Version 6.04 and Epidate 3.1 were used.Results: 368 patients with diagnosis of heart failure were found, 126 of them lived in Manizalez, of which 54 had creatinine clearance...